lib/tiny-printf.c: Support numbers bigger than 0xffff and misc updates

With this patch now, the tiny printf() function also supports numbers
bigger than 0xffff. Additionally the code is simplified a bit and
some static variables are moved to function parameters. Also the
upper case hex variable output support is removed, as its not really
needed in this simple printf version. And removing it reduces the
complexity and the code size again a bit.

Here the new numbers, again on the db-mv784mp-gp (Armada XP):

Without this patch:
  56542   18536    1956   77034   12cea ./spl/u-boot-spl

With this patch:
  56446   18536    1936   76918   12c76 ./spl/u-boot-spl

Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Cc: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
Cc: Albert Aribaud <albert.u.boot@aribaud.net>